Libetri tsa asiti ea lead le libeteri tsa lithium
1. Libetri tsa lead-acid
1.1 Libetri tsa asiti ea lead ke eng?
● Betri ea asiti ea loto ke betri ea polokelo eo li-electrode li entsoeng haholo ka eonaetella pelele eonaoxides, le eo electrolyte e leng eonatharollo ea sulfuric acid.
● Matla a matla a betri ea sele e le 'ngoe ea asiti ea lead ke2.0V, e ka lokolloang ho 1.5V le ho lefisoa ho 2.4V.
● Likopong,6-sele e le 'ngoeHangata libeteri tsa asiti ea lead li hokahanngoa ka letoto ho etsa lebitso12Vbetri ea lead-acid.
1.2 Sebopeho sa Battery ea lead-acid
● Boemong ba ho tsoa ha libeteri tsa lead-acid, karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrode e ntle ke lead dioxide, 'me hona joale e phalla ho tloha ho electrode e ntle ho ea ho electrode e mpe,' me karolo e ka sehloohong ea electrode e mpe ke loto.
● Boemong ba tefiso ea libeteri tsa lead-acid, likarolo tse ka sehloohong tsa li-electrode tse ntle le tse mpe ke lead sulfate, 'me hona joale e phalla ho tloha ho electrode e ntle ho ea ho electrode e mpe.
●Libetri tsa Graphene: graphene conductive additivesli eketsoa ho lisebelisoa tsa electrode tse ntle le tse mpe,graphene composite electrode thepali kenngoa ho electrode e ntle, lelikarolo tse sebetsang tsa grapheneli kenyelelitsoe ho lihlopha tsa conductive.
1.3 Litaba tse setifikeiting li emela eng?
●6-DZF-20:6 e bolela hore ho na le6 li-grids, keriti ka 'ngoe e na le voltage ea2V, 'me motlakase o kopantsoeng letotong ke 12V,' me 20 e bolela hore betri e na le bokhoni ba20AH.
● D (motlakase), Z (e thusitsoeng ke motlakase), F (betri e laoloang ke li-valve e sa hlokeng tlhokomelo).
●DZM:D (motlakase), Z (koloi e thusitsoeng ke matla), M (betri e tiisitsoeng e se nang tlhokomelo).
●EVF:EV (koloi ea betri), F (betri e sa hlokeng tlhokomelo e laoloang ke li-valve).
1.4 Phapang pakeng tsa valve e laoloang le e tiisitsoeng
●Betri e hlokang tlhokomelo e laoloang ke li-valve:ha ho hlokahale ho eketsa metsi kapa acid bakeng sa tlhokomelo, betri ka boeona ke mohaho o tiisitsoeng,ha ho na ho lutla ha asiti kapa moholi oa asiti, ka polokeho ea tsela e le 'ngoevalve ea ho qeta, ha khase e ka hare e feta boleng bo itseng, valve ea exhaust e bula ka bo eona hore e felise khase.
●Betri e tiisitsoeng e se nang lead lead-acid:betri eohle ee kentsoeng ka botlalo (karabelo ea redox ea betri e potoloha ka har'a khetla e tiisitsoeng), kahoo betri e sa hlokeng tlhokomelo ha e na "khase e kotsi" e phallang
2. Libetri tsa lithium
2.1 Libetri tsa Lithium ke Eng?
● Libetri tsa lithium ke mofuta oa betri e sebelisanglithium tšepe or motsoako oa lithiume le lisebelisoa tsa electrode tse ntle / tse mpe 'me li sebelisa litharollo tsa electrolyte tse se nang metsi.(Letsoai la lithium le metsoako ea tlhaho)
2.2 Sehlopha sa Battery ea Lithium
●Libetri tsa lithium li ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e 'meli: libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium le libeteri tsa lithium ion.Libetri tsa lithium ion li phahametse libeteri tsa tšepe tsa lithium mabapi le polokeho, matla a khethehileng, tekanyo ea ho itšehla thajana le karolelano ea theko ea ts'ebetso.
● Ka lebaka la litlhoko tsa eona tse phahameng tsa theknoloji, lik'hamphani tse linaheng tse 'maloa feela li hlahisa mofuta ona oa betri ea tšepe ea lithium.
2.3 Betri ea Lithium Ion
| Lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa Electrode | Nominal Voltage | Matla a Matla | Cycle Life | Litšenyehelo | Tshireletso | Linako tsa Cycle | Mocheso o Tloaelehileng oa ho sebetsa |
| Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LCO) | 3.7V | Mahareng | Tlase | Phahameng | Tlase | ≥500 300-500 | Lithium iron phosphate: -20 ℃ ~ 65 ℃ Ternary lithium: -20 ℃ ~ 45 ℃Li-betri tsa lithium tsa Ternary li sebetsa hantle ho feta lithium iron phosphate ka mocheso o tlase, empa ha li hanyetsane le mocheso o phahameng joaloka lithium iron phosphate.Leha ho le joalo, sena se itšetlehile ka maemo a khethehileng a fektheri e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea betri. |
| Lithium Manganese Oxide (LMO) | 3.6V | Tlase | Mahareng | Tlase | Mahareng | ≥500 800-1000 | |
| Lithium Nickel Oxide (LNO) | 3.6V | Phahameng | Tlase | Phahameng | Tlase | Ha ho data | |
| Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) | 3.2V | Mahareng | Phahameng | Tlase | Phahameng | 1200-1500 | |
| Nickel Cobalt Aluminium (NCA) | 3.6V | Phahameng | Mahareng | Mahareng | Tlase | ≥500 800-1200 | |
| Nickel Cobalt Manganese (NCM) | 3.6V | Phahameng | Phahameng | Mahareng | Tlase | ≥1000 800-1200 |
●Lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa li-electrode:Graphite e sebelisoa hangata.Ntle le moo, tšepe ea lithium, lithium alloy, silicon-carbon negative electrode, oxide negative electrode materials, joalo-joalo li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa electrode e mpe.
● Ha ho bapisoa, lithium iron phosphate ke thepa e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea electrode e ntle ka ho fetisisa.
2.4 Kakaretso ea sebopeho sa betri ea lithium-ion
Cylindrical lithium-ion betri
Prismatic Li-ion Battery
Konopo ea lithium ion betri
Betri ea lithium-ion e nang le sebōpeho se khethehileng
Soft pakete ea betri
● Libopeho tse tloaelehileng tse sebelisoang bakeng sa libeteri tsa koloi tsa motlakase:cylindrical le soft-pack
● Cylindrical lithium battery:
● Melemo: thekenoloji e hōlileng tsebong, theko e tlaase, matla a manyenyane a le mong, ho le bonolo ho laola, ho senya mocheso o motle
● Mefokolo:palo e kholo ea lipakete tsa betri, boima ba 'mele bo batlang bo le boima, matla a tlase hanyane
● Soft-pack lithium battery:
● Melemo: mokhoa o phahameng oa tlhahiso, o mosesaane, o bobebe, matla a phahameng a matla, mefuta e mengata ha ho etsoa pakete ea betri.
● Mefokolo:ts'ebetso e mpe ka kakaretso ea betri pakete (ho tsitsisa), ha e hanyetsane le mocheso o phahameng, ha ho bonolo ho e emisa, litšenyehelo tse phahameng.
● Ke sebōpeho sefe se molemo bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium?Ha e le hantle, ha ho na karabo e feletseng, haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka tlhokahalo
● Haeba u batla theko e tlaase le tshebetso e ntle ka kakaretso: cylindrical lithium battery > soft-pack lithium battery
● Haeba u batla boholo bo bonyenyane, khanya, matla a phahameng a matla: soft-pack lithium battery > cylindrical lithium battery
2.5 Sebopeho sa Battery ea Lithium
● 18650: 18mm e bontša bophara ba betri, 65mm e bontša bolelele ba betri, 0 e bontša sebopeho sa cylindrical, joalo joalo
● Palo ea 12v20ah lithium battery: Nka hore motlakase oa lebitso la betri ea 18650 ke 3.7V (4.2v ha e tjhaja ka botlalo) mme matla ke 2000ah (2ah)
● Ho fumana 12v, o hloka libeteri tsa 3 18650 (12 / 3.7≈3)
● Ho fumana 20ah, 20/2=10, o hloka lihlopha tse 10 tsa libeteri, e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e na le 3 12V.
● 3 ka letoto ke 12V, 10 ka ho tšoana ke 20ah, ke hore, 12v20ah (kakaretso ea 30 18650 lisele tse hlokahalang)
● Ha o ntša, hona joale ho phalla ho tloha ho electrode e mpe ho ea ho electrode e ntle
● Ha o tjhaja, hona joale ho phalla ho tloha ho electrode e ntle ho ea ho electrode e mpe
3. Papiso lipakeng tsa Betri ea Lithium, Betri ea asiti ea lead le Betri ea Graphene
| Papiso | Betri ea lithium | Battery ea lead-acid | Betri ea graphene |
| Theko | Phahameng | Tlase | Mahareng |
| Tšireletseho ntlha | Tlase | Phahameng | E phahameng haholo |
| Bolumo le boima ba 'mele | Boholo bo nyane, boima bo bobebe | Boholo bo boholo le boima bo boima | Bophahamo bo boholo, bo boima ho feta betri ea asiti ea lead |
| Bophelo ba betri | Phahameng | Tloaelehileng | E phahame ho feta betri ea asiti ea lead, e tlase ho feta betri ea lithium |
| Bolele ba bophelo | 4 lilemo (ternary lithium: 800-1200 linako tse ling lithium iron phosphate: makhetlo a 1200-1500) | Lilemo tse 3 (makhetlo a 3-500) | Lilemo tse 3 (> makhetlo a 500) |
| Portability | E tenyetseha ebile e bonolo ho e jara | Ha e khone ho lefisoa | Ha e khone ho lefisoa |
| Ho lokisa | E sa lokisoeng | E ka lokisoa | E ka lokisoa |
● Ha ho na karabo e feletseng ea hore na betri e molemo bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase.Haholo-holo e itšetlehile ka tlhokahalo ea libeteri.
● Mabapi le bophelo ba betri le bophelo: lithium battery > graphene > lead acid.
● Ho ea ka theko le ntlha ea tšireletso: lead acid > graphene > lithium battery.
● Mabapi le ho nkeha: betri ea lithium > lead acid = graphene.
4. Battery Related Certificates
● Betri ya asiti ya loto: Haeba beteri ya esiti ya loto e feta ho sisinyeha, phapang ya kgatello le diteko tsa mocheso wa 55°C, e ka se be sepalangoang se tlwaelehileng sa thepa.Haeba e sa atlehe litekong tse tharo, e khethoa e le thepa e kotsi sehlopheng sa 8 (lintho tse senyang)
● Lisetifikeiti tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa:
●Setifikeiti sa Lipalangoang tse Sireletsehileng tsa Lihlahisoa tsa Lik'hemik'hale(sepalangoang sa moea/seoatleng);
●MSDS(LAKATA LA TŠEBELETSO EA LITŠOANTŠISO);
● Betri ea lithium: e thathamisitsoe e le thomello ea thepa e kotsi ea Sehlopha sa 9
● Litifikeiti tse tloaelehileng li kenyelletsa: libeteri tsa lithium hangata ke UN38.3, UN3480, UN3481 le UN3171, setifikeiti sa sephutheloana sa thepa e kotsi, tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea maemo a lipalangoang.
●UN38.3tlaleho ea tlhahlobo ea polokeho
●UN3480pakete ea betri ea lithium-ion
●UN3481Betri ea lithium-ion e kentsoeng ka har'a lisebelisoa kapa betri ea elektroniki ea lithium le lisebelisoa tse pakiloeng hammoho (khabinete ea thepa e kotsi e tšoanang)
●UN3171koloi e tsamaeang ka betri kapa lisebelisoa tse tsamaeang ka beteri (betri e kentsoeng ka koloing, eona khabinete ea thepa e kotsi)
5. Mathata a Battery
● Libetri tsa asiti ea loto li sebelisoa ka nako e telele, ’me likhokelo tsa tšepe tse ka har’a betri li atisa ho robeha, e leng ho bakang li-circuits tse khutšoanyane le ho tuka ho iketsahallang feela.Libetri tsa lithium li holim'a bophelo ba ts'ebeletso, 'me motheo oa betri oa tsofala ebile oa lutla, o ka bakang lipotoloho tse khutšoane le mocheso o phahameng habonolo.
Libetri tsa lead-acid
Betri ea lithium
● Phetoho e sa lumelloeng: Basebedisi ba fetola potoloho ea betri ntle le tumello, e amang ts'ebetso ea polokeho ea potoloho ea motlakase ea koloi.Phetoho e sa nepahalang e etsa hore potoloho ea koloi e be e imetsoeng, e tlalehe, e futhumale, 'me e khutsufatsoe.
Libetri tsa lead-acid
Betri ea lithium
● Ho hloleha ho tjhaja.Haeba tjhaja e siuoa ka koloing nako e telele 'me e sisinyeha, ho bonolo ho etsa hore li-capacitor le li-resistors ka har'a tjhaja li theohe, e leng se ka lebisang ho overcharging ea betri habonolo.Ho nka tjhaja e fosahetseng le hona ho ka baka ho tjhaja ho feta tekano.
● Libaesekele tsa motlakase li pepesetsoa letsatsing.Lehlabuleng, mocheso o phahame 'me ha oa lokela ho paka libaesekele tsa motlakase ka ntle ho letsatsi.Mocheso ka hare ho betri o tla tsoela pele ho phahama.Haeba u tjhaja betri hang ka mor'a hore u fihle hae ha u tsoa mosebetsing, mocheso o ka hare ho betri o tla tsoela pele ho phahama.Ha e fihla mochesong o matla, ho bonolo ho hotetsa ka boithatelo.
● Lithuthuthu tsa motlakase li kolobisoa habonolo metsing nakong ea lipula tsa litloebelele.Libetri tsa lithium li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ka mor'a ho kolobisoa ka metsing.Likoloi tsa motlakase tse nang le asiti ea lead li hloka ho lokisoa sebakeng sa ho lokisa ka mor'a ho kolobisoa ka metsing.
6. Tlhokomelo ea Letsatsi le Letsatsi le Tšebeliso ea Libetri le Tse ling
● Qoba ho tjhaja haholo le ho ntsha betri ho feta tekano
Ho tjhaja:Ka kakaretso, liqubu tsa ho tjhaja li sebelisetsoa ho tjhaja China.Ha o tlatsitsoe ka botlalo, phepelo ea motlakase e tla khangoa ka bo eona.Ha o tjhaja ka tjhaja, motlakase o tla kgaolwa ha o tjhajilwe ka botlalo.Ho phaella ho li-charger tse tloaelehileng ntle le ts'ebetso ea ho tima matla a feletseng, ha li qosoa ka ho feletseng, li tla tsoelapele ho lefella ka motlakase o monyenyane, o tla ama bophelo ka nako e telele;
Ho felloa ke matla:Ka kakaretso ho kgothaletswa ho tjhaja betri ha matla a setse a le 20%.Ho tjhaja ka matla a tlase nako e telele ho tla etsa hore betri e se ke ya tjhajwa, mme e kanna ya se tjhaje.E hloka ho kengoa tšebetsong hape, 'me e kanna ea se ke ea kengoa tšebetsong.
● Qoba ho e sebelisa maemong a phahameng le a tlase a mocheso.Mocheso o phahameng o tla matlafatsa karabelo ea lik'hemik'hale mme o hlahise mocheso o mongata.Ha mocheso o fihla boleng bo itseng ba bohlokoa, o tla etsa hore betri e chese le ho phatloha.
● Qoba ho tjhaja kapele, e tla baka liphetoho mohahong oa ka hare le ho hloka botsitso.Ka nako e ts'oanang, betri e tla futhumatsa ebe e ama bophelo ba betri.Ho ea ka litšoaneleho tsa li-betri tse fapaneng tsa lithium, bakeng sa betri ea 20A lithium manganese oxide, ho sebelisa mochine oa 5A le mochine oa 4A tlas'a maemo a tšoanang a tšebeliso, ho sebelisa mochine oa 5A ho tla fokotsa potoloho ka makhetlo a ka bang 100.
●Haeba koloi ea motlakase e sa sebelisoe nako e telele, leka ho e lefisa hang ka beke kapa nako le nako 15 matsatsi.Betri ea lead-acid ka boeona e tla ja hoo e ka bang 0.5% ea matla a eona letsatsi le leng le le leng.E tla ja kapele ha e kentsoe koloing e ncha.
Libetri tsa lithium le tsona li tla ja matla.Haeba betri e sa tjhajiswe nako e telele, e tla be e le boemong ba ho lahlehelwa ke matla mme betri e ka nna ya se kgone ho sebediswa.
Betri e ncha e sa buloang e hloka ho tjhajoa hang ho feta100 matsatsi.
●Haeba betri e sebelitse nako e telelenako mme e na le ts'ebetso e tlase, betri ea lead-acid e ka eketsoa ka electrolyte kapa metsi ke litsebi ho tsoela pele ho sebelisoa ka nako e itseng, empa tlas'a maemo a tloaelehileng, ho kgothaletswa ho nkela betri e ncha sebaka ka ho toba.Betri ea lithium e na le ts'ebetso e tlase 'me e ke ke ea lokisoa.Ho kgothaletswa ho fetola betri e ncha ka ho toba.
●Bothata ba ho tjhaja: Chaja e tlameha ho sebelisa mohlala o ts'oanang.60V ha e khone ho tjhaja libeteri tsa 48V, 60V lead-acid ha e khone ho tjhaja libeteri tsa 60V tsa lithium, leli-lead-acid le li-charger tsa lithium li ke ke tsa sebelisoa ka mokhoa o fapaneng.
Haeba nako ea ho tjhaja e le telele ho feta ka tloaelo, ho kgothaletswa hore o tlose thapo ya ho tjhaja mme o emise ho tjhaja.Ela hloko hore na betri e holofetse kapa e senyehile.
●Bophelo ba betri = voltage × betri ampere × lebelo ÷ matla a enjene Foromo ena ha e ea lokela mefuta eohle, haholo-holo mefuta ea makoloi a matla a phahameng.Ha e kopantsoe le data ea tšebeliso ea basebelisi ba bangata ba basali, mokhoa ona o tjena:
48V lithium battery, 1A = 2.5km, 60V lithium battery, 1A = 3km, 72V lithium battery, 1A = 3.5km, lead-acid e ka bang 10% ka tlase ho lithium battery.
Betri ea 48V e ka matha lik'hilomithara tse 2.5 ka ampere (48V20A 20×2.5 = lik'hilomithara tse 50)
Betri ea 60V e ka matha lik'hilomithara tse 3 ka ampere (60V20A 20×3 = lik'hilomithara tse 60)
Betri ea 72V e ka matha lik'hilomithara tse 3.5 ka ampere (72V20A 20×3.5=70 km)
●Bokhabane ba betri/ea A ea tjhaja bo lekana le nako ea ho tjhaja, nako ea ho tjhaja = matla a betri / tjhaja Nomoro, mohlala 20A / 4A = lihora tsa 5, empa hobane ts'ebetso ea ho tjhaja e tla lieha ka mor'a ho lefella 80% (pulse e tla fokotsa hona joale), kahoo hangata e ngotsoe e le 5-6 lihora kapa lihora tse 6-7 (bakeng sa inshorense)
